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What_is_RTC_Record_of_Rights_Tenancy_and_Crops_and_Why_is_it_Important

What is RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy and Crops) and Why is it Important?

In Karnataka, one of the most crucial documents for landowners and prospective buyers is the RTC, or Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crops. This document serves as a mirror of the land’s legal status and agricultural use and is central to verifying ownership and land-related rights. Whether you’re buying, selling, or inheriting agricultural land—or even converting it for residential use—understanding the RTC is critical.

What is RTC?

RTC stands for Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crops. It is a revenue document maintained by the Revenue Department of the Government of Karnataka. Commonly referred to as “Pahani,” this document contains detailed information about a piece of land.
Details Included in RTC:
  1. Owner’s name and details
  2. Extent and survey number
  3. Type of land (wet, dry, or garden land)
  4. Classification (agricultural, non-agricultural)
  5. Tenancy details, if any
  6. Crop details cultivated in that year
  7. Mutation details (changes in ownership)
This document is issued village-wise and survey number-wise and is available through the Bhoomi portal (https://landrecords.karnataka.gov.in/).

Why is RTC Important?

  1. Proof of Ownership: RTC serves as a primary record to establish ownership. Even though it’s not the sole proof (a registered sale deed is), it reflects the government’s recognition of the landowner.
  2. Agricultural Land Use: The RTC outlines whether the land is classified as agricultural. If you intend to convert it into residential or commercial use, you need to apply for land conversion, and the RTC classification plays a major role in this.
  3. Mutation History: RTC displays historical changes in ownership, which helps establish a clear title chain. This is crucial during due diligence.
  4. Loan Sanctions: Banks often ask for the RTC as part of the loan documentation when land is pledged or financed.
  5. Litigation Support: RTC can be useful in property disputes, especially where tenancy rights, encroachments, or agricultural activity history is in question.

How to Access RTC Online

Karnataka’s Bhoomi portal has simplified access to land records:
  1. Visit https://landrecords.karnataka.gov.in/
  2. Choose “View RTC and MR”
  3. Enter district, taluk, hobli, village, and survey number
  4. You can view or download the RTC (PDF format available)
This service is free, and you can also view Mutation Register (MR) and other allied records.

Understanding RTC Terminologies

  • Khata: Entry in municipal records; RTC is at the revenue department level.
  • Mutation: Transfer of land ownership via sale, gift, or inheritance.
  • Survey Number: A unique number assigned to a parcel of land for identification.
  • Tenancy Details: Information on tenants who have cultivation or possessory rights.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Assuming RTC alone is ownership proof—it must be backed by a registered deed.
  • Ignoring discrepancies in ownership names or survey numbers.
  • Not updating RTC after purchase—mutation must be filed promptly.
  • Overlooking tenancy rights, which may hinder your ability to develop the land.
RTC is more than just a piece of paper—it’s the heartbeat of Karnataka’s land records system. For buyers, it’s a critical due diligence tool. For landowners, it’s a legal safeguard. Whether you’re applying for a loan, planning a sale, or fighting a legal battle, the RTC holds immense evidentiary value.
Make it a priority to check the latest RTC for any property you’re dealing with and ensure all details are accurate. Consult a legal expert if you’re unsure, and always keep a copy handy.
Stay informed with more land-related legal insights at RealtyLegal.in.

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